| Question 1: A 3D gradient echo scan of anatomy that extends outside of the imaging FOV may produce an aliasing artifact in which of the following directions: |
| Reference: | MRIquestions.com https://mriquestions.com/wrap-around-artifact.html |
| Choice A: | Slice select only |
| Choice B: | Phase encoding only |
| Choice C: | Read-out only |
| Choice D: | Slice select and phase encoding |
| Choice E: | Phase encoding and read-out |
| Question 2: Mechanical vibrations of the scanner are MOST LIKELY to produce which of the following artifacts? |
| Reference: | Jackson E, et al. “Acceptance Testing and Quality Assurance Procedures for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Facilities”, AAPM Report No. 100 (Dec 2010), https://www.aapm.org/pubs/reports/rpt_100.pdf |
| Choice A: | Geometric distortions |
| Choice B: | Ghosting artifacts |
| Choice C: | Zipper artifacts |
| Choice D: | Banding artifacts |
| Question 3: Which of the following 3T scans is MOST immune to RF shading artifacts due to RF transmit inhomogeneities? |
| Reference: | Brink W, et al. “Clinical Applications of Dual-Channel Transmit MRI: A Review”, J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2015;42:855–869. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmri.24791 |
| Choice A: | brain |
| Choice B: | thoraco-lumbar junction of spine |
| Choice C: | liver |
| Choice D: | heart |
| Question 4: Which of the following is not a common artifact for non-Cartesian imaging? |
| Reference: | Travis B Smith & Krishna S Nayak. MRI artifacts and correction strategies. Review Article - Imaging in Medicine (2010) Volume 2, Issue 4 |
| Choice A: | Ghosting |
| Choice B: | Geometric distortion |
| Choice C: | Zipper artifact |
| Choice D: | Image blurring |
| Question 5: Radial sampling usually doesn’t use sufficiently high number of spokes, which can cause ___ when gridding is used for reconstruction: |
| Reference: | Block KT, Uecker M, Frahm J. Undersampled radial MRI with multiple coils. Iterative image reconstruction using a total variation constraint. Magn Reson Med. 2007 Jun;57(6):1086-98. doi: 10.1002/mrm.21236. PMID: 17534903. |
| Choice A: | Blurring |
| Choice B: | Streak artifact |
| Choice C: | Water-fat swap |
| Choice D: | Ghosting |
| Question 6: A patient is undergoing an exam to investigate a lesion on the right-side of the body, where axial scans are the principal component in the protocol. A vitamin D fiducial has been placed on the anterior abdomen approximately over the lesion. Which of the following artifacts is likely to occur during a pMRI-based scan? |
| Reference: | Crop F, Mouttet-Audouard R, Mirabel X, Ceugnart L, Lacornerie T. Technical Note: Unexpected External Markers Artifact in 3D k-space based Parallel Imaging Turbo Spin-Echo Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Physics Medica, 2021; 90: 150-7 |
| Choice A: | the absence of a fiducial in the axial image |
| Choice B: | excess ghosting along the frequency-encoding axis |
| Choice C: | a bright spot in-line with the fiducial appearing inside the abdomen |
| Choice D: | herringbone artifact |
| Question 7: When performing a cardiac exam using pMRI, which one of the following scenarios does not impose ADDITIONAL artifacts compared with conventional imaging? |
| Reference: | Ferreira PF, Gatehouse PD, Mohiaddin RH, Firmin DN. Cardiovascular magnetic Resonance Artifacts. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, 2013; 15: 41 (http://jcmr-online.com/content/15/1/41)
Yanasak NE, Kelly MJ. MR Imaging Artifacts and Parallel Imaging Techniques with Calibration Scanning: A New Twist on Old Problems. Radiographics, 2014; 34: 532-48 |
| Choice A: | The MD has requested using a small FOV to increase resolution of the heart. |
| Choice B: | The patient has an irregular heartbeat. |
| Choice C: | The patient is having a very difficult time holding their breath. |
| Choice D: | The patient has an MR conditional implant containing some ferrous material in the FOV. |
| Question 8: Which traditional artifact in MRI would appear to look similar in both pMRI and non-accelerated images? |
| Reference: | Yanasak NE, Kelly MJ. MR Imaging Artifacts and Parallel Imaging Techniques with Calibration Scanning: A New Twist on Old Problems. Radiographics, 2014; 34: 532-48 |
| Choice A: | Gibbs ringing |
| Choice B: | Ghosting from motion |
| Choice C: | Aliasing |
| Choice D: | Susceptibility artifact |
| Question 9: Which of the following statements about Compressed Sensing MRI are true? |
| Reference: | Lustig M, Donoho D, Pauly JM. Sparse MRI: The application of compressed sensing for rapid MR imaging. Magn Reson Med. 2007 Dec;58(6):1182-95. doi: 10.1002/mrm.21391. PMID: 17969013.
Hollingsworth, K., Reducing acquisition time in clinical MRI by data undersampling and compressed sensing reconstruction Physics in Medicine & Biology, Volume 60, Number 21
Yu, Victoria Y. et al, Combined Compressed Sensing and SENSE to Enhance Radiation Therapy Magnetic Resonance Imaging Simulation, Advances in Radiation Oncology, Volume 7, Issue 1, 2022, ISSN 2452-1094, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adro.2021.100799. |
| Choice A: | In CS, data are acquired on a uniformly undersampled Cartesian grid |
| Choice B: | The regularization used in CS is related to sparsity or compressibility |
| Choice C: | CS reconstruction is usually not iterative |
| Choice D: | In CS, scan time can be reduced by a factor of 3 or more compared to parallel imaging without reduction in image quality |
| Choice E: | In CS, the SNR is not reduced when reducing the scan time |
| Question 10: Which of the following statements about CS and/or AI-based reconstruction are false? |
| Reference: | Lustig M, Donoho D, Pauly JM. Sparse MRI: The application of compressed sensing for rapid MR imaging. Magn Reson Med. 2007 Dec;58(6):1182-95. doi: 10.1002/mrm.21391. PMID: 17969013.
Nam JG, Lee JM, Lee SM, et al. High Acceleration Three-Dimensional T1-Weighted Dual Echo Dixon Hepatobiliary Phase Imaging Using Compressed Sensing-Sensitivity Encoding: Comparison of Image Quality and Solid Lesion Detectability with the Standard T1-Weighted Sequence. Korean J Radiol. 2019;20(3):438-448. doi:10.3348/kjr.2018.0310 |
| Choice A: | Compressed sensing and AI-based reconstruction can reduce the risk of motion artifacts by reducing the scan time |
| Choice B: | Flow and pulsation artifacts can be spread over larger area when using irregular sampling |
| Choice C: | If the FOV is planned too tight, this can cause aliasing artefacts in image domain parallel imaging, but not in compressed sensing and AI-based reconstruction because of the non-uniform sampling |
| Choice D: | If a too high regularization factor is used in CS with wavelet regularization, artifacts may become visible in the images |
