| Question 1: Which imaging modality allows the best visualization of flow in the heart and great vessels? |
| Reference: | Peter D. Gatehouse, Jennifer Keegan, Lindsey A. Crowe, Sharmeen Masood, Raad H. Mohiaddin, Karl-Friedrich Kreitner & David N. Firmin. Applications of phase-contrast flow and velocity imaging in cardiovascular MRI. European Radiology. Volume 15, (2005) |
| Choice A: | Cardiac CT |
| Choice B: | Cardiac MRI |
| Choice C: | Nuclear medicine SPECT |
| Choice D: | All have equal ability to visualize flow |
| Question 2: What is a relative strength of cardiac CT as compared to cardiac MRI for the evaluation of pericardial disease? |
| Reference: | Zhen J. Wang, Gautham P. Reddy, Michael B. Gotway, Benjamin M. Yeh, Steven W. Hetts, Charles B. Higgins. CT and MR Imaging of Pericardial Disease. Radiographics. Vol. 23, No. suppl 1 (2003). |
| Choice A: | Ability of CT to quantify flow |
| Choice B: | Ability of CT to visualize calcium |
| Choice C: | Lack of cardiac motion evaluation using MRI |
| Choice D: | Lack of visualization of fibrous tissue using MRI |
| Question 3: Which imaging modality allows the best direct visualization of the coronary arteries? |
| Reference: | Mangla A, Oliveros E, Williams KA Sr, et al. Cardiac imaging in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2017 Oct. 42 (10):316-66. |
| Choice A: | Cardiac CT |
| Choice B: | Cardiac MRI |
| Choice C: | Nuclear medicine SPECT |
| Choice D: | All have equal ability to visualize the coronary arteries |
| Question 4: What is an advantage of Rb-82 labelled radiotracer in cardiac PET imaging, compared to N-13 labelled radiotracer? |
| Reference: | Ran Klein, PhD, Emel Celiker-Guler, MD, Benjamin H. Rotstein, PhD, and Robert A. deKemp, PhD. PET and SPECT Tracers for Myocardial Perfusion Imaging. Semin Nucl Med. 2020; 50(3):208-218. |
| Choice A: | It has superior spatial resolution |
| Choice B: | It does not require the access to on-site cyclotron |
| Choice C: | It supports myocardial blood flow quantification with higher accuracy and reliability |
| Choice D: | It makes exercise stress imaging protocols easier to perform |
| Question 5: For rest-stress myocardial perfusion imaging, Tc-99m SPECT may be preferred to Rb-82 or N-13 PET when: |
| Reference: | Singh, V., Di Carli, M.F. SPECT Versus PET Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Patients with Equivocal CT. Curr Cardiol Rep 22, 43 (2020). |
| Choice A: | High spatial resolution is desired |
| Choice B: | Myocardial blood quantification is needed |
| Choice C: | Pharmacologic stress is contraindicated |
| Choice D: | Radiation dose to patient needs to be kept low |
| Question 6: A main clinical value of myocardial blood flow quantification to myocardial perfusion imaging is: |
| Reference: | Dilsizian V, Bacharach SL, Beanlands RS, Bergmann SR, Delbeke D, Dorbala S, Gropler RJ, Knuuti J, Schelbert HR, Travin MI. ASNC imaging guidelines/SNMMI procedure standard for positron emission tomography (PET) nuclear cardiology procedures. J Nucl Cardiol. 2016 Oct;23(5):1187-1226. |
| Choice A: | Improved identification of multi-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) |
| Choice B: | Improved identification of single-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) |
| Choice C: | Improved assessment of myocardial viability |
| Choice D: | Improved evaluation of cardiac function |
| Question 7: Which of the following techniques can be used in cardiac CT to improve temporal resolution? |
| Reference: | Eugene Lin, and Adam Alessio. What are the basic concepts of temporal, contrast, and spatial resolution in cardiac CT? Journal of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (2009) 3, 403–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcct.2009.07.003 |
| Choice A: | Short (partial) scan reconstruction |
| Choice B: | Fast rotation time |
| Choice C: | Dual source CT technology |
| Choice D: | Multisegment reconstruction |
| Choice E: | All of above |
| Question 8: Which of the following statement regarding prospective and retrospective ECG gating is correct? |
| Reference: | JR. Mayo and JA Leipsic. Radiation Dose in Cardiac CT. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2009;192: 646-653. 10.2214/AJR.08.2066 |
| Choice A: | Prospective gating has more flexibility than retrospective gating |
| Choice B: | Retrospective gating can only be performed with a wide area detector |
| Choice C: | In general, prospective gating has lower radiation dose than retrospective gating |
| Choice D: | ECG pulsing is a dose reduction technique that can only be used in prospective gating |
| Question 9: The MRI pulse sequence commonly used in cardiac MRI to evaluate global left ventricular function is: |
| Reference: | Cardiac MR physics for clinicians: parts I and II, JCMR 2010, Nov 30:12(1):71. |
| Choice A: | Inversion-recovery prepared fast gradient echo |
| Choice B: | Saturation-recovery prepared fast gradient echo |
| Choice C: | Turbo spin echo |
| Choice D: | Balanced steady-state free precession |
| Choice E: | Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging |
| Question 10: Myocardial spin-spin relaxation time (T2) can be used to evaluate: |
| Reference: | Ismail et al. Cardiac MR: From Theory to Practice. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022 Mar 3;9:826283 |
| Choice A: | Myocardial fibrosis |
| Choice B: | Myocardial fiber orientation |
| Choice C: | Myocardial fat content |
| Choice D: | Myocardial inflammation |
| Choice E: | Myocardial blood flow |
